The Black Calvus, scientifically known as Altolamprologus calvus, is a captivating cichlid species native to the rocky shores of Lake Tanganyika in eastern Africa. Belonging to the family Cichlidae, this species is renowned for its striking appearance and unique body shape. The Black Calvus has an extremely laterally compressed body and a high dorsal fin, which helps it navigate the crevices and overhangs of its rocky habitat. Males can grow up to 13 cm, while females are typically smaller.
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The scientific name Altolamprologus calvus reflects its genus and species classification within the broader cichlid family. The term “calvus” is derived from Latin, meaning “bald” or “bare,” likely referring to the fish’s smooth, sleek appearance. This species is closely related to Altolamprologus compressiceps, sharing many physical similarities but differing in body depth and snout length.
In the aquarium trade, the Black Calvus is also known by various names, including Black Sambia, Black Pectoral, and Black Zaire, each representing different geographic color variants. These fish are primarily mid-dwellers in tanks and prefer setups that mimic their natural rocky environments with plenty of hiding spots and crevices.
The Black Calvus is a carnivorous species, thriving on a diet of live, frozen, and high-quality flake foods. In the wild, they are known to prey on eggs and small invertebrates. They exhibit peaceful behavior towards their own species and other tank mates, making them suitable for community tanks with similarly sized and tempered fish.
One of the most interesting aspects of the Black Calvus is its breeding behavior. Females lay eggs in small caves or shells, which the males then fertilize by releasing sperm at the entrance. The female guards the eggs, while the male protects the territory. This species can live up to 10 years in captivity, given proper care and optimal water conditions.
From a research perspective, studies have shown that Altolamprologus calvus and A. compressiceps share a close phylogenetic relationship, with recent divergence estimated between 67,000 to 142,000 years ago. This recent speciation is unusual among Lake Tanganyika cichlids, which typically exhibit more significant genetic distances between species.
The Black Calvus is not just a visually stunning fish but also an interesting species due to its unique adaptations and behaviors. Its ability to thrive in rocky crevices and its fascinating reproductive strategies make it a favorite among experienced aquarists. Additionally, its peaceful temperament and striking color variations add to its appeal, making it a standout species in any aquarium setup.
Fun facts about the Black Calvus include its slow growth rate, taking up to two years to reach sexual maturity, and its ability to change color slightly based on its environment and mood. These traits, combined with its intriguing behavior and stunning appearance, make the Black Calvus a truly interesting and rewarding species to keep.
Black Calvus Key Information
The Black Calvus is a striking fish known for its unique body shape and dark coloration. This species features a sleek, laterally compressed body with a high dorsal fin. Its color can range from deep black to dark brown, often with a metallic sheen that adds to its allure. The Black Calvus is particularly admired for its intricate scale pattern and the subtle, iridescent spots that can appear on its body, especially under aquarium lighting.
| Family | Cichlidae |
| Origin | Lake Tanganyika, Eastern Africa |
| Price | $15 – $40, depending on size and variant |
| Common Names | Black Calvus, Black Sambia, Black Pectoral, Black Zaire |
| Variants | Black Sambia, Black Pectoral, Black Zaire |
| Ideal Tank Size | Minimum 30 gallons for a pair |
| Water Parameters | pH: 7.8 – 9.0, Temperature: 75-80°F (24-27°C), Hardness: 10-20 dGH |
| Lifespan | Up to 10 years |
| Full Size | Males: up to 13 cm (5 inches), Females: slightly smaller |
| Natural Environment | Rocky shores of Lake Tanganyika |
| Behavior | Peaceful, territorial during breeding |
| Habitat Preference | Rocky crevices, caves, and overhangs |
| Aquarium Decoration | Rocky setups with plenty of hiding spots, caves, and crevices |
| Ideal Tank Mates | Other peaceful Tanganyikan cichlids, small catfish, and similar-sized fish |
| Fish to Avoid | Aggressive or very large fish that may bully or prey on them |
| Best Foods/Diet | Carnivorous diet: live, frozen, and high-quality flake foods |
| Disease | Susceptible to common freshwater diseases like Ich and bacterial infections; maintain good water quality to prevent |
| Sex-switch | No |
| Gender Differences | Males are generally larger with more pronounced dorsal fins |
| Care Level | Moderate |
| Breeding Level | Moderate; requires specific conditions and careful monitoring |
The Black Calvus is a fascinating species, not only because of its stunning appearance but also due to its unique adaptations and behaviors. Its ability to thrive in rocky environments and its peaceful temperament make it a popular choice among aquarists. With proper care and the right tank setup, the Black Calvus can be a rewarding addition to any freshwater aquarium.
Ideal Tankmates for Black Calvus
The Black Calvus is a fascinating and beautiful fish that thrives in a well-planned community tank. When choosing tank mates for the Black Calvus, it’s essential to consider compatibility in terms of size, behavior, and water preferences. The following fish are ideal companions for the Black Calvus, ensuring a harmonious and visually appealing aquarium environment.
Julidochromis Dickfeldi
Julidochromis Dickfeldi, also known as the Dickfeld’s Julie, is a small, peaceful cichlid from Lake Tanganyika. These fish are excellent tank mates for the Black Calvus due to their similar habitat preferences and non-aggressive nature. They thrive in rocky environments and enjoy hiding in crevices, much like the Black Calvus.
| Common/Market Names | Price Range | Care Level | Behavior | Life Span | Max Size |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dickfeld’s Julie | $10 – $20 | Moderate | Peaceful | 8 – 10 years | 3.5 inches |
Cyprichromis Leptosoma
Cyprichromis Leptosoma, often called the Sardine Cichlid, is a schooling fish that adds dynamic movement to the tank. They are mid-dwellers and do not compete for the same space as the Black Calvus, making them compatible tank mates. Their peaceful nature and striking colors complement the Black Calvus well.
| Common/Market Names | Price Range | Care Level | Behavior | Life Span | Max Size |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sardine Cichlid | $15 – $30 | Moderate | Peaceful | 5 – 8 years | 4 inches |
Neolamprologus Brichardi
Neolamprologus Brichardi, known as the Fairy Cichlid, is another Lake Tanganyika native. These fish are known for their unique social structure and peaceful nature. They can coexist with the Black Calvus as long as there are enough hiding spots and territories within the tank.
| Common/Market Names | Price Range | Care Level | Behavior | Life Span | Max Size |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fairy Cichlid | $10 – $20 | Moderate | Peaceful | 8 – 10 years | 4 inches |
Altolamprologus Compressiceps
Altolamprologus Compressiceps, a close relative of the Black Calvus, shares similar habitat and dietary preferences. These fish are compatible due to their similar size and behavior, making them excellent tank mates. They also thrive in rocky environments with plenty of hiding spaces.
| Common/Market Names | Price Range | Care Level | Behavior | Life Span | Max Size |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Compressiceps | $15 – $35 | Moderate | Peaceful | 8 – 10 years | 5 inches |
Synodontis Catfish
Synodontis Catfish, particularly the Synodontis Petricola, are bottom-dwellers that help keep the tank clean by scavenging leftover food. Their peaceful nature and different swimming levels make them compatible with the Black Calvus, ensuring minimal territorial conflicts.
| Common/Market Names | Price Range | Care Level | Behavior | Life Span | Max Size |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Synodontis Petricola | $20 – $40 | Moderate | Peaceful | 10 – 15 years | 4 inches |
Eretmodus Cyanostictus
Eretmodus Cyanostictus, also known as the Goby Cichlid, is another Lake Tanganyika native that prefers rocky environments. These fish have a unique body shape and peaceful temperament, making them suitable companions for the Black Calvus.
| Common/Market Names | Price Range | Care Level | Behavior | Life Span | Max Size |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Goby Cichlid | $15 – $30 | Moderate | Peaceful | 5 – 8 years | 3.5 inches |
Tropheus Duboisi
Tropheus Duboisi, known for their striking black and white juvenile coloration, are active and social fish. They require a similar diet and water conditions as the Black Calvus, making them compatible tank mates. Their active nature adds vibrancy to the tank.
| Common/Market Names | Price Range | Care Level | Behavior | Life Span | Max Size |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Duboisi Cichlid | $20 – $50 | Moderate | Semi-aggressive | 5 – 8 years | 5 inches |
Paracyprichromis Nigripinnis
Paracyprichromis Nigripinnis, or Blue Neon Cichlid, are peaceful and elegant fish that prefer mid to upper tank levels. Their schooling behavior and non-aggressive nature make them ideal companions for the Black Calvus.
| Common/Market Names | Price Range | Care Level | Behavior | Life Span | Max Size |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Blue Neon Cichlid | $15 – $30 | Moderate | Peaceful | 5 – 8 years | 4 inches |
Lamprologus Ocellatus
Lamprologus Ocellatus, commonly known as the Shell Dweller, are small cichlids that prefer to live in shells. Their unique behavior and peaceful nature make them compatible with the Black Calvus, as they occupy different tank levels and habitats.
| Common/Market Names | Price Range | Care Level | Behavior | Life Span | Max Size |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Shell Dweller | $10 – $25 | Moderate | Peaceful | 5 – 8 years | 2 inches |
Xenotilapia Papilio
Xenotilapia Papilio, known as the Butterfly Cichlid, are peaceful bottom-dwellers that prefer sandy substrates. Their gentle nature and different habitat preferences make them suitable tank mates for the Black Calvus.
| Common/Market Names | Price Range | Care Level | Behavior | Life Span | Max Size |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Butterfly Cichlid | $20 – $40 | Moderate | Peaceful | 5 – 8 years | 4 inches |
These tank mates not only complement the Black Calvus in terms of behavior and habitat preferences but also add diversity and visual appeal to the aquarium. Ensuring a well-balanced and harmonious community tank will provide a thriving environment for all its inhabitants.
FAQs about Black Calvus
What is the ideal water temperature for Black Calvus?
The ideal water temperature for Black Calvus is between 75-80°F (24-27°C).
How often should I feed my Black Calvus?
Feed your Black Calvus once or twice a day with a variety of live, frozen, and high-quality flake foods.
Can Black Calvus live with plants in the aquarium?
Yes, Black Calvus can live with hardy plants, but they prefer rocky environments. Ensure the plants are well-secured to avoid being uprooted.
How can I tell if my Black Calvus is healthy?
A healthy Black Calvus will have clear eyes, vibrant coloration, and active behavior. They should also have a good appetite.
What are the signs of stress in Black Calvus?
Signs of stress in Black Calvus include clamped fins, loss of color, hiding excessively, and reduced appetite.
How often should I clean the tank for Black Calvus?
Perform partial water changes of 20-30% weekly and clean the tank decorations and substrate as needed to maintain water quality.
Do Black Calvus require a specific pH level?
Yes, Black Calvus thrive in a pH range of 7.8 to 9.0.
Can Black Calvus be kept in a community tank?
Yes, Black Calvus can be kept in a community tank with other peaceful and similarly sized fish.
How do I introduce new tank mates to a Black Calvus tank?
Introduce new tank mates slowly and monitor their interactions. Ensure the tank has plenty of hiding spots to reduce territorial disputes.
Are Black Calvus prone to any specific diseases?
Black Calvus can be susceptible to common freshwater diseases like Ich and bacterial infections. Maintaining good water quality and a balanced diet can help prevent these issues.
